Sunday, May 24, 2020

Carpe Diem Poetry Essay - 626 Words

Song speaks of the narrator commanding a rose to go deliver a message of the urgency of his love to his love; Go, lovely rose! The rose is a symbol of love and beauty. In this case, in the first stanza, the narrator is telling his girl how beautiful he thinks she is; When I resemble her to thee, How sweet and fair she seems to be. In the second stanza, hes asking the rose to tell her that she should not shun to have her graces spied as her beauty should not be hidden anymore. He thinks that her beauty should be praised and admired or it will fade without fulfilling its purpose; where no man abide, Thou must have uncommended died. In the third stanza, he is telling her that there is no worth in hiding her beauty; Small is†¦show more content†¦This creates a hour glass shape, which could be used to emphasise the subject of this poem - beauty. Also, rhyme is used in this poem. The rhyme is every stanza follows an a, b, a, b, b pattern. This rhyme scheme of a repeated b creates a drag effect on the poem. I see it as stressing beauty is being sucked (dragged) away with time. Overall, this poem gives me an impression of love being measured in physical appearances. In the next carpe diem poem, To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time the same idea of making full use of time is conveyed. The title itself has already given us a picture of what it is about, with virgins referring to youth people. The main idea here is that youth is short so the narrator is encouraging readers to be brave and go forth to experience life while one is able to. In the first stanza, rose buds are used as they wither and die quickly, agreeing with the lines that follow - this same flower that smiles today Tomorrow will be dying. Comparing youth to a flower is very appropriate as the lifespan of both is equally short. In the second stanza, the setting sun is used to demonstrate the concept of how quickly life can pass one by. It is described as the glorious lamp of heaven, giving one the impression of its great importance. It is saying that as we reach the prime in our life, our youth, it also means that it only have a short period of time before it is over; The higher hes a-getting, The sooner will his race beShow MoreRelatedThe Carpe Diem Poetry By Andrew Marvell Essay1773 Words   |  8 PagesThe Carpe Diem Poetry was more common during the Renaissance period and it urged people to acknowledge the swiftness of time and how imperative it was to make good use of opportunities. In fact, a number of poets used the style in creating the various themes such as death, life, time and sexuality. More importantly, some of the poems even adopted the sexual innuendos as a way of looking at the sexuality indirectly. For instance, the poem â€Å"To His Coy Mistress† by Andrew Marvell reveals multiple themesRead MoreThe Bucket List And The Open Road 4300 Miles1078 Words   |  5 PagesCarpe Diem Horace wrote the ode â€Å"Carpe Diem,† little did he know that this phrase which translates to â€Å"Seize the Day† would become such a common saying and philosophy. Many interpret this phrase differently. Many take it too far where as others do not agree with it. â€Å"Carpe Diem† is literally translated to â€Å"pluck the day.† This phrase however is part of the slightly longer one carpe diem, quam minimum credula postero, which can be loosely translated to seize the day and put very little trust inRead MoreComparison Poetry Essay2397 Words   |  10 PagesPoetry Essay Each one of the poems offers a unique view upon love. The first poem by Robert Herrick, To the Virgins to make much of Time, focuses upon the idea of carpe diem. The poem stresses the idea of marriage while love and flesh are still young and believes this gift of virginity to be a great waste if not given while it is still desirable. Marvell also uses the carpe diem theme to his poem ‘To His Coy Mistress,’ however with three certain sections within the poem. The first part elaboratesRead MoreCarpe Diem Essay659 Words   |  3 Pages The Latin phrase carpe diem can be translated into English as seize the day. Seizing the day means making the most out of ones life. It is a theme that is commonly found in literature, most notably, poetry. Poetry, like most of literature, goes through periods of change. In the seventeenth century, poetry began to move away from humanism and began to explore the everyday mans thoughts and feelings. Robert Herrick and Andrew Marvell were two poets who wrote during this time of change.Read More Theme of Carpe Diem in A Fine, a Private Place by Ackerman and To His Coy Mistress by Marvell866 Words   |  4 Pages The words carpe diem mean â€Å"seize the day† in Latin. It is a theme that has been used throughout the history of literature and has been a popular philosophy in teaching from the times of Socrates and Plato up to the modern English classroom. Carpe diem says to us that life isn’t something we have forever, and every passing moment is another opportunity to make the most out of the few precious years that we have left. In the poems â€Å"A Fine, a Private Place† by Diane Ackerman and â€Å"To His Coy Mistress†Read More A Psychoanalytic Analysis of To His Coy Mistress by Andrew Marvell639 Words   |  3 Pagescelebrated carpe diem poems in British literature,it has been praised by numerous literary scholars and critics fot its brilliantly wrought form,thematic significance,metap hysical conceits,paradox and irony.Unfortunately,not many of the readers thoroughly understand this poem.They will notice that its male speaker,an erudite man,tries to persuade a reluctant mistress to accept his proposal of physical love,those who are unfamiliar with the conventions of seventeenth century metpshysical poetry may feelRead MorePoetry Makes a Man in Dead Poets Society Essay1088 Words   |  5 PagesPoetry Makes a Man When people take poetry as more than just words with meanings, but as words to live by and take the poem to heart, the person may and will change by the words they live on. The type of poetry will affect the way the person changes. In the very inspirational movie of Dead Poets Society, Tom Schulman the screen writer, through the character of the visionary Mr. Keating: uses plays and poetry to help the major characters and even some minor characters through their dilemmas and anyRead More To His Coy Mistress Essay: The Carpe Diem Motif833 Words   |  4 Pages The Carpe Diem Motif in To His Coy Mistress nbsp; Seize the day. For cavalier poets, there seemed to be little else they found nearly as interesting write about than the carpe diem concept. The form of carpe diem poetry is generally consistent, almost to the point of being predictable. Though Andrew Marvell worked with the same concepts, his modifications to them were well-considered. In To His Coy Mistress, Marvell makes use of allusion, metaphor, and grand imagery in order to conveyRead MoreHow the Quotations and Poems Demonstrate the Main Themes or Ideas of the Film Dead Poets Society1610 Words   |  7 Pagesfullest. It also demonstrates the value of friendship, which is dealt with in the film as loyalty, betrayal, forgiveness, and love. Dead Poets Society also shows the significance of poetry and how it expresses many emotions frequently experienced by people. Mr. Keating informs the boys that poetry helps people understand themselves, feel alive, and appreciate life. Another message in the film involves making the right decisions, learning from selections one makes, and theRead More Critique of Keatings Teaching Methods in Dead Poets Society521 Words   |  3 Pagesexpressed this to the fullest, by having them rip out the introduction of their text books because of what J. Evans Pritchard, Ph.D. tells them to do with poetry. By ripping that out they realize that they have a mind of their own and others should not think for them or tell them what they should think. The most important lesson Keating teaches is Carpe Diem, which means Seize the Day. Even though this method of instruction is phenomenal and has many benefits, there are a few critiques on Keatings method

Wednesday, May 13, 2020

In Many Ways, Poetry Has The Ability To Shape The Minds

In many ways, poetry has the ability to shape the minds of people and their views on a certain subject. Throughout the ages, poets and writers have been a part of social and political change due to the written works presented to the public. One such poet was William Blake. His poetry has inspired much change in both the past and the present. An analysis of â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper,† one of Blake’s most popular works, can help many to understand the significance of his work in a time period when social riot was visible in the public’s eyes. By exploring the writing style, structure and imagery in this poem, as well as identifying the importance of symbolism, a conclusion can be made concerning the purpose of this poem. Learning more about†¦show more content†¦This poem consists of a community of poor chimney sweepers, the narrator of this poem being one of the many sweepers. This poem begins with the unfortunate events of the narrator himself and his des cription of how he came to be one of the chimney sweepers. Through the use of perfect language, Blake is able to capture the event and all of its emotion. The narrator starts by saying, â€Å"When my mother died I was very young, And my father sold me†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Instantly, the readers feel sympathy for the narrator, knowing his childhood has not been the kindest. The almost perfect word choice allows readers to seep into the mind of the narrator as he continues his story. He says, â€Å"So your chimneys I sweep and in soot I sleep† (Blake 706). In the next stanza, the narrator describes a fellow chimney sweeper, Tom Dacre, and his heavenly dream. Written in a rhythmic and song-like format helps this poem flow throughout its entirety. Each line consists of patterns which help keep the poem simple as readers begin to understand its meaning. William Blake uses rhythm and sound to create a poem easy to comprehend. This is present as the narrator describes one of the many characters. He says Hush, Tom! never mind it, for when your head s bare, You know that the soot cannot spoil your white hair† (706). This line shows the simple structure and uses rhyming to keep the reader interested through the remainder of the poem. AnShow MoreRelatedAttic Romanticism : Reason And Imagination1705 Words   |  7 Pagesstruggle, celebrated itself with such a child, simultaneously Antigone and Cassandra.† (Friedrich Nietzsche on the relationship between the Apollnian and Dionysian) How do both reason and imagination shape poetry? Reason and Imagination are two concepts that seem opposed to one another. Reason is the ability of humans to make sense of things, and is grounded in reality while Imagination is a more abstract concept that is variously described as recreating experiences without them physically occurringRead MoreRobert Frost and E.E. Cumings Essay1533 Words   |  7 PagesRobert Frost and E.E. Cummings Poetry is considered to be a representational text in which one explores ideas by using symbols. Poetry can be interpreted many different ways and is even harder to interpret when the original author has come and gone. Poetry is an incredible form of literature because the way it has the ability to use the reader as part of its own power. In other words, poetry uses the feelings and past experiences of the reader to interpret things differently from one to anotherRead More Beowulf Papers850 Words   |  4 PagesBeowulf Papers A hero is a man of courage and ability who is admired for his brave deeds and noble qualities. A hero is a person who does not come along very often in any time period. He is a special person, who is a step above the average person in the way that he handles any situation that may arise. This statement is very true for the time of Anglo-Saxon culture and literature. A hero was like a god and was put on a pedestal far above the others. A hero brought peace to situationsRead MorePablo Neruda and Love962 Words   |  4 PagesLove, to many people, is a very simple thing, an easy emotion, but to Neruda it is a whole different animal. While it brings pictures of pure joy and happiness, it conveys something that seems so strange and obscure to a normal perception. Neruda has a way of showing love more realistically compared to the fairy tale love that everyone thinks of. Throughout Neruda’s poems he defines love as something extremely complex that is unpredictable in its ways. He makes love seem very back-and-forth, as ifRead MoreThe Connections between Poetry and Science 1189 Words   |  5 PagesPoetry is a form art that involves language, imagery, and emotion. These key elements can be expressed in many ways just as there are many ways to interpret poetry. While the poet can have a decisive meaning for the poem, the reader can interpret in many different ways that can be and usually are different from what the poet originally meant. In some cases, time can have an impact on what the poem means or how it is read. I know that I get a different meaning and feel from poems I wrote over a yearRead MoreWordsworths Treatment of Nature in Relation to Man in Tintern Abbey1202 Words   |  5 PagesWORDSWORTH’S TREATMENT OF NATURE IN RELATION TO MAN IN TINTERN ABBEY In his Preface to The Excursion, Wordsworth asserts that it is the ‘Mind of Man’ which is ‘My haunt, and the main region of my song’. Wordsworth is interested not in the natural world for its own sake but in the relationship between the natural world and the human consciousness. His poetry, therefore, offers us a detailed account of the complex interaction between man and nature—of the influences, insights, emotions and sensationsRead MoreJohn Gardners Grendel And Beowulf1468 Words   |  6 Pagesdragon’s antagonistic, materialist, and isolated nature. Many tales throughout the ages echo this classic theme: love overcomes hatred; selflessness overcomes selfishness; friendship overcomes enmity. Similarly, in Grendel, John Gardner ultimately argues that true meaning in life arises from developing strong connections with others, by contrasting the Dragon’s nihilist teachings, Beowulf’s empiricist brutality, and the Shaper’s n ationalist poetry. Like Smaug in the Hobbit, the Dragon, as a timelessRead MoreWhy Faustus Is More Than Just A Reproduction Of Sin1725 Words   |  7 PagesThe power of poetry provides mankind much more than an artistic well articulated rhythmic pattern of words. Poets provide mankind, through poetry, the ability to explore intimately the wit, will, virtues, vices, and nature of man’s soul. At first glance it appears that Christopher Marlowe’s, The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus follows the Calvinistic teaching, â€Å"†¦that man is a fallen creature whose will is fatally polluted by Original Sin, but also that a poet, by willfully creating verisimilitudesRead MoreEssay on Compare and Contrast Literary Text and Non-Literary Text1569 Words   |  7 Pages journals, text books and articles. Non-literary composition is written objectively. In contrast, literary texts are fictional compositions based on the artist’s will and imaginations and are therefore subjective. Poetry, novels, short stories and dramas are written in a particular way, and this is referred to as literary text. In literary texts, authors creatively create feelings and ideas to entertain their audiences. Examples of literary texts are poems, short stories and dramas. They haveRead More Pre-1914 Century Poetry Coursework Essay1672 Words   |  7 PagesPre-1914 Century Poetry Coursework In this piece of coursework I will be comparing love songs from six different poems by different authors. I will do ‘First Love’ by John Clare, ‘How Do I Love Thee?’ by Elizabeth Barret Browning, ‘A Birthday’ and ‘Remember’ both by Christina Rossetti, ‘When We Two Parted’ by Lord Byron and ‘Villegiature’ by Edith Nesbit. All these poems that I am going to be comparing are all written before the 20th century, in the early 1700’s and 1800’s era. Love is

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

What Factors Motivate Employees Free Essays

What is the most important thing that can motivate employees With the rapid development of economic globalization, efficiency and quality determine the future of a firm. The fundamental factor, which determines the fortune of a firm, is employee, because if employees perform well and work efficiently, productivity will be considerably improved and large quantities of profits will be made. The increasing number of managers has realized the fact that employees are playing vital roles in development of a firm. We will write a custom essay sample on What Factors Motivate Employees or any similar topic only for you Order Now Consequently, appropriate measures are being taken to enhance the motivation of employees. Some people believe that adequate salary is the most important thing that can motivate employees, while more people hold the different view that other factors such as equal statue, achievable goals and appreciation have more positive influences on enhancing motivation. An abundance of evidence illustrates that job satisfaction, instead of salary, is the most significant thing in motivating employees. This essay will discuss three factors that of vital importance on ensuring job satisfaction, including fulfillment of requirements, closed relationship between employees and managers as well as flexible working schedules. Different people have individual requirements, which lead to different goals of working. As soon as achieving individual working goals and requirements, employees will be satisfied with jobs, and then be motivated. According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory, individual requirements can be divided into five levels. These levels can be generally divided into two parts: material requirements and psychological requirements. The fulfillment of psychological needs has longstanding effects on employees than meeting material needs. Certainly, conducting proper mental compensation program is beneficial for satisfying employees’ increasing requirements in psychology. For, example, Tesco enable each worker to express suggestions on the working freely, through which not only working conditions will be improved but also employees will feel valued (The Times, 2010). In addition, opportunities of career training are necessary for achieving mental satisfaction. In order to adjust to the society which is full of challenges and competition, employees require adequate training to develop personal skills and then obtain a sense of achievement and advancement. Meanwhile, according to equity theory and expectancy theory, in order to reach the best consequence, the following two principles ought to be taken. One is that mental rewards are determined by individual performance and contributions. Employees who have high performance and tremendous contributions will earn more praise or working condition improvement than those who have poor performance and few contributions. The other principle is that rewards are achievable for the majority. Different employees differ from one another in working ability and potentiality. As a consequence, levels of goals with suitable ranks of mental compensation should be fit for individuals (Madura, 2008). Therefore, fulfillment of individual requirements can exert considerable effects on motivating employees. Some groups of people are fond of making friends. No matter which countries others come from, if they have the same interest to share with or the same topic to discuss with, they will feel close to each other. For these groups of people, relationship between managers and employees is the most important factor that affects motivation. Open-book management, in which employees are capable to play the leading role of the firm by participating in making decisions, is a successful practice of ‘relationship motivation theory ’. Before production decisions are eventually made, decision makers need to consider about almost all aspects of production, such as the cost of raw material, time arrangement, target customers and some possible problems in production process, because each decision is closely related to individual profits(Madura, 2008). Giving employees opportunities of comprehensive consideration will not only create more profits for firms, but also develop an equal relationship between managers and employees. If employees feel being paid attention to, they will be willing to spare no efforts to the firm. In addition to equality, intimated relationship is also necessary. Managers ought to care about employees’ emotional variations, which may result from family problems or mental health, and have more communication with employees, like having lunch together and offering some comfort by simple words. If employees believe that they are working with friends instead of leaders, motivation will be increased. Flexible working schedule has positive association with job motivation. According to Pink’s research, if employees complete tasks ahead of deadline and guarantee high quality, an abundance of free time will be spared for family and self-improvement (Pink, 2009). Furthermore, Hawthorne’s experiment on the relationship between break time and productivity demonstrates that regular break with appropriate length leads to sharp increase in productivity (Madura, 2008). The reason is that flexible schedule which provides employees with large amounts of free time to accompany children produce positive psychological reactions and these reactions contribute directly to motivation. Therefore, variable time arrangement is the top motivator. Some young employees claim that salary which covers daily expenses is the most critical factor that forces them to work for long time, meanwhile, the amounts of salary can directly reflect the consequence of hard working and devotion. However, these groups of people just take their own needs into account instead of considering about various requests of different people. Salary will just satisfy a small part of employees whose goals is making money. Salary, a fixed amount of money that being paid monthly or annually (MacMillan, 2007, p. 1313), is called based pay, which can stimulate employees to some degrees. However, Herzberg’s job satisfaction study demonstrates that sufficient salary can just prevent employees from dissatisfaction, which means increasing salary is not the most efficient method to obtain high satisfaction (Madura, 2008). Personal total income consists of based pay and reward pay, and the initial motivator is the later, as it has vital impacts on employees’ psychological satisfaction with present jobs (Wiley, 1997). Despite the fact that salary is a useful motivator for some groups of employees, the majority of employees will not gain high satisfaction purely through increasing salary. In conclusion, salary is not of the top motivator in contemporary society, as the vital motivating factors are diversified in various social groups. The fulfillment of physiological and psychological requirements through appropriate equal and achievable compensation program, the maintenance of close relationship between managers and employees as well as flexible working schedule, which play critical role in enhance job satisfaction, exert more significant influence on motivating employees than simply increase of salary. If all of these motivational factors work together, a promising future will be exposed to both human beings and the society. Reference: Madura, J. (2008) Introduction to Business. 4th ed. Beijing: Post Telecom Press. Macmillan English Dictionary (2007, p. 1313). Malaysia: Macmillan Publishers. Pink, D. (2009) Dan Pink on the surprising science of motivation [online video] Available from: http://www. ted. com/talks/dan_pink_on_motivation. html. (Accessed 25 April 2011). The Times 100 (2010) Motivation Theory in Practice at Tesco. Available from: http://www. thetimes100. co. uk/download-tesco-edition-15-full-case-study_132_396_1168 (Accessed 25 April 2011) Wiley, C. (1997) ‘What motivates employees according to over 40 years of motivation surveys’, International Journal of Manpower, 18(3), pp. 263-280 How to cite What Factors Motivate Employees, Papers

Monday, May 4, 2020

Food Security for Food and Population- MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theFood Securityfor Food Production and Population. Answer: Dynamics in food production and population do not differ to a great extent. The two facets can be considered to be directly proportional in the sense that the presence of plenty food means an increase in the population. In this sense, an increase in the carrying capacity causes a positive trigger to the population. On the contrary, decrease of food means hunger will starve the population and apart of the population will die hence decreasing their population. Arguably, food is a common variable that affect the population. Throughout the agricultural revolution, it is indisputable that it is human culture that we increase food production to feed the rapidly growing human population (Singh, 2009). However, this is a thermo-dynamic concept because the theory mandates that without enough food the population would not be growing. Also, we maintain the notion that we increase food production to help the malnourished and the starving population. This notion emerges as a result of empathy by the privileged people in society who sympathize with those people starving and malnourished in the society therefore they intervene to contain the situation. The point is population will not be growing without enough supply of food. And, without increasing food production the human population will continually reduce because most of the population might become distinct due to harsh survival conditions (Nwajiuba Nwosu Ejiogu 2008). Global climate change has a great influence on the present and future human life. Climate change has a huge impact on the shift on agricultural production. Especially the agricultural food production is immensely affected by climate change. The variation of physical conditions like temperature and moisture, ultra violet radiations are major determinants of food production (Goklany,2007). Climate change is likely to result to the decline of food production as a result of increased drought in most regions of the world. Research shows that by 2030 the effect will be more profound and will reduce pasture and crop yields immensely (Goklany, 2007). According to the forecast, the production of wheat in Brazil will reduce by 14% as a result of climate change. Notably, rapid climate change can affect agricultural production and biodiversity. Unless the climate change is slow, agricultural production will be affected severely. For instance, if the climate change is slow agricultural research institutions will have time to find remedies for the changes at the same time the agricultural crops to adapt to the climate change. However, if the problem of climate change is left to expand, it will cause a threat to those societies that lack the capacity to mitigate the situation. Sphere minimum guidelines are core principles that serve as a guideline to humanitarian actors, NGO, and donor institutions that depict that those people affected by calamities have a right to get assistance from the existing humanitarian actors. The sphere standards help humanitarian workers to have a recap of the qualitative and quantitative indicators that help them to determine how humanitarian agencies should work with communities in the sector of health, food, shelter, and water and sanitation. Basically, the sphere act as a tool for advocacy in with other local authorities, it established the minimum standards or privileges refugees are entitled, and finally provide a guideline how various agencies should deliver their services to the community. The well being, protection, and support of a pregnant mother and the infant are the core practices to meet the nutritional needs of the infant. Interventions are meant to control artificial feeding to ensure safe feeding practices are embraced. Some feeding practices on infants increase their vulnerability to diseases and even death. Therefore, incorporating practices that do not put the lives of the infants at risk is the core measure to prevent infant morbidity and support the nutritional needs of the infant. Aggregate demand curve is a force that determines the average quantity to food that is demanded by the economy (Van Ligthelm, 2009). It is derived by three major factors; the price and income of the food. If the quantity of food demanded is high we expect a proportionate decrease in the price of the same commodity. On the other hand, if the quantity supplied is low, the price is likely to shoot. Therefore, the effect of aggregate demand is realized when the forces of demand are trying to establish an equilibrium. Income elasticity of demand precisely shows a reflection on how a slight change of income affect the demand of a product. Income is a great determinant of consumer demand. Therefore, a positive change of income leads to a positive change on demand. On the other hand, a decrease of income causes a decrease of the quantity demanded. The rules applies to higher income households in the sense that they high income household have a high propensity of spending hence they tend to have a high demand for various goods. On the other hand, low income households have a low propensity to spending because their reduce their budget to suit the little income hence their demand for goods is likely to be lower than those of high income households. Therefore for income elasticity differs between the two in the sense that the curve for the high income households tend to be more slightly ahead of the curve of low income households. The latter comes behind the high income households curve. The establishment of genetically modified foods and application of climate smart agriculture are the latest innovations that have been realized to be the cure for food security. The contribution of genetically modified crops has been significantly noted has the best remedy to lack of foods in almost all parts of the world. In a practical manner, in Australia since 1996, GM crops have increased income up to $885 million (Uphoff, 2002). This innovation has come along with techniques like practicing crop rotation during spring and winter has been a productive way in Canada to deal with the stress of moisture variations while planting wheat. Furthermore, there is appropriate technology in place to control pests that has contributed to high productivity in most regions in the world. Climate smart agriculture has come along with the improvisation of drought resistant crops, crop breeding, mechanization of firms, improving crop varieties, and irrigation has contributed to food security (Rosen, 2014). For instance, the introduction of firm machinery tools has boosted productivity and encouraged large scale farming. In the long run, food production is in plenty to sustain the existing and growing generation. All this innovations are meant to deal with future calamities like food crisis and ways to cope with climate change. References Goklany,I. 2007.Improving State of the World: Why We're Living Longer, Healthier, More Comfortable Lives on a Cleaner Planet. Lanham: Cato Institute. Nwajiuba,C.U., Nwosu,C., Ejiogu,A. 2008.A re-examination of some theories on food production and population pressure: Evidences from Southeast Nigeria. Weikersheim: Margraf. Rosen,W. 2014.The third horseman: Climate change and the Great Famine of the 14thcentury. Singh,S.N. 2009.Climate change and crops. Berlin: Springer. Uphoff,N.T. 2002.Agroecological innovations: Increasing food production with participatory development. London: Earthscan Publications. Van,A.C., Ligthelm,A.A. 2009.The income elasticity of demand for consumer goods and services in South Africa. Pretoria: Bureau of Market Research, University of South Africa.